Nonetheless, the influence of alkali metal and its counter-ion has not been considered for Co-based catalysts. S is generally perceived to be a poison for Co-based catalysts in terms of activity and selectivity towards long-chain hydrocarbons (C 5+) 30, however it was also shown to decrease chain growth probability and improve olefins selectivity depending on its concentration 31, 32, 33. ![]() The importance of counter-ions to alkali metal promoters was demonstrated previously for Fe-based catalysts 26, particularly the combination of Na and S was found to give a synergistic effect 27, 28, 29. These alkali metals including Na or K, exist as oxides Na 2O or K 2O during catalysis, yet the oxygen counter-ion was often overlooked. Besides acting as structural promoters, alkali metals were established to decrease activity for metallic Co-based catalysts and it was proposed to be correlated to the element electronegativity 24, 25. Adding alkali promoters to Co/MnO catalysts stimulates formation of Co-carbide, which inhibits methane, but promotes CO 2 production 23. Till now, Co-based catalysts for the direct conversion of syngas to lower olefins focused on MnO as promoter, but the product spectrum was still dictated by the ASF distribution 18, 19, 20, 21, 22. The direct production of lower olefins from H 2-rich syngas is advocated, but this poses two challenges, specifically the suppression of methane and of CO 2 formation during FTS. ![]() Metallic Co-based catalysts are used commercially for the gas-to-liquids process in which long-chain saturated hydrocarbon products are produced that are subsequently cracked to valuable transportation fuels in particular kerosene and diesel 14, 15, 16, 17. To be active for FTS but not for WGS, Co has to be in the metallic state during catalysis. in their development of phase pure, stable and low-CO 2 selective ε-iron carbide FT catalysts for the coal-to-liquids process 13. The importance of decreasing CO 2 production during the FT step was recently highlighted by Wang et al. Similarly, the bifunctional oxide-zeolite catalysts, which convert syngas directly to lower olefins, showed high activity for WGS and are thus only suitable for CO-rich syngas 11, 12. However, most carbide-based catalysts are also active for the water-gas-shift (WGS) reaction 10, thereby producing CO 2 and rendering them inefficient for methane-derived H 2-rich syngas. Deviation of the ASF distribution to suppress methane formation is critical to attain high fractions of lower olefins (ethylene, propylene, and butylenes), and this is possible with promoted Fe-carbide-based 5, 6, 7 and promoted Co-carbide-based catalysts 8, 9. FTS is a surface polymerization reaction so the product selectivity is governed by the Anderson–Schulz–Flory (ASF) distribution 4. ![]() Methane may be converted to synthesis gas (syngas, a mixture of H 2 and CO), which can then be used to produce chemicals and fuels via the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) process 3. The abundant availability of methane feedstock due to the shale gas revolution decreases the dependence on crude oil, however new technologies have to be developed to utilize its potential 1, 2.
0 Comments
ApacheĪlso known as the Apache HTTP Server, Apache is a free, open-source, and cross-platform software, which was developed and currently maintained by an online community of developers known as the Apache Software Foundation.Įssentially, Apache is the server software that allows you to view a website and its pages. ![]() Now, let’s quickly break down each one of these individual components.
he is a good man with a good heart and he genuinely loves Carly. ![]() However, Drew Kane is none of those things. It’s seemingly obvious how things could go down with Nina and Sonny because she’s a liar I’m manipulator and a psychopath. How will Drew and Carly Breakup? Is Cameron Mathison Leaving General Hospital?Īs GH spoilers give snippets of what’s to come, Sonny and Carly fans get closer to what their hopes for. ![]() Now I’m nit saying that Drew Cain (Cameron Mathison) isn’t a great guy and a wonderful catch, I’m just saying that I believe that Carly and Sonny are each other’s destiny. That said, how much longer do we have to watch Carly pretend that Drew lives up to the love she had with Sonny Corinthos (Maurice Benard). Fans cannot escape the idea that Sonny and Carly are endgame, and I’m right on board with that. There’s been a lot of speculation surrounding Carly and Drew’s current storyline. Will Maxie accept? And what will Tracy do when she learns of BLQ’s generous Christmas gift to Maxie? Now Maxie on the other hand is struggling, and Brook Lynn knows how hard Maxie has worked. Between ELQ and her own career in the music industry, Brook Lynn is set for life. What I mean is that she gives Maxie what’s rightfully hers. No, I don’t mean that BLQ feeds Maxie more lies. GH spoilers and rumors tease that Brook Lynn gives Maxie the gift of Deception. Then, she gave her old friend the good news about her engagement to Chase (Josh Swickard). Ac GH recaps recall, Brook Lynn overheard Maxie talk about her financial woes. General Hospital spoilers hint that Brook Lynn proves that she’s not like the others when she makes a bold and generous move. But the lines get blurred when the Q clan’s business tactics tend to betray its own members. ![]() Tracy Quartermaine (Jane Elliot) cares about two things in life, money, and family. Recently, BLQ first handedly witnessed her own grandmother blackmail her into corporate espionage. General Hospital Spoilers: Brook Lynn Throws Tracy Under The Bus, Saves Deception, Keeps Her Man, and Makes It Up To Maxie ![]() Color old pictures, and bring them back to life with colorization. Сolorize black and white photos, making it look new with HD Camera. Support lots of templates to choose and satisfy the style of video you want. Apply your favorite template to create amazing transitions easily between the original video and the AI video. Use the image-to-image function to generate a series of images and stitches them together to create a video. Japanese anime, 3D, hand-paint, pencil drawing, artist special effects, sketching, and other comic styles are available in HitPaw's cartoon maker. Offer unique cartoon filters to restyle your photos. Create wonderful avatar profile pictures that are perfect for social media. Cartoon yourself in any way you want within just seconds. Auto-retouch and remove pimples, acne, wrinkle, and dark circle. Create high-quality portraits with HitPaw's photo quality enhancer. Optimize any selfie, and eliminate pimples and unwanted spots with a simple tap. Auto beautify your selfies and make your photos more beautiful, natural, and realistic. Repair old, scratched photos, or damaged photos and enhance your old photo to HD quality. ![]() Sharpen and fix blurry photos, make out of focus pictures clarity and clear. Improve photo quality and make your portrait, selfie, or group picture clearer. Auto recognize faces in selfies and enhance facial details in seconds. HitPaw's photo enhancer app helps you to. The new AI Video feature allows you to create your own AI stylized videos with HitPaw's AI photo enhancer! Colorize and improve old pics, remove unwanted objects from photo and create cartoon pictures of your selfie to get ready to meet your cartoon self. AI Marvels - HitPaw currently has 7 thousand reviews with average vote value 4.3 This photo clear app can enhance pixelated, blurred, or old photos to amazing HD quality with just one click! Restore old photos into high definition and one-tap beauty your face like real magic. According to Google Play AI Marvels - HitPaw achieved more than 969 thousand installs. The current version is 1.18.0, updated on. Android application AI Marvels - HitPaw developed by HitPaw is listed under category Tools. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |